Drilling is the most definitive method of investigating subsurface geology, effectively mapping the rocks present enabling geologists to understand the subsurface structure, rock types, composition, alteration and confirming the presence of potentially mineralised systems. It provides direct physical evidence through recovered rock samples of the presence, disposition, continuity and grade of ore bodies at depth.
Two primary drilling methods dominate modern mineral exploration: Diamond Drilling (core drilling) and Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling. Each plays a distinct and complementary role in the exploration process and are both used by Kavango Resources in its exploration across Botswana and Zimbabwe.
Together, Diamond and RC Drilling form a powerful toolkit. Diamond Drilling provides the depth, accuracy, and detail needed to confirm economic potential while RC drilling allows for cost effective, efficient initial testing and target development.
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Two primary drilling methods dominate modern mineral exploration: Diamond Drilling (core drilling) and Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling.
Diamond Drilling: A method of drilling that retrieves continuous cylindrical core samples, using a rotating diamond-impregnated bit. It is the most precise drilling method available, offering insights into lithology, alteration, veining, structure, and mineralisation styles. Core samples are logged, photographed, and often assayed in detail. This method is essential for resource modelling, metallurgical testing, and understanding the geological controls on mineralisation.
Diamond drilling is slower and costs more than RC, but indispensable for targeting deep mineralisation (often exceeding 1,000 metres) or when high-quality geological information is required to inform mining decisions.
Diamond Core Drill
RC Drilling: A cost-effective and rapid drilling method commonly used during early to mid-stage exploration for shallower drilling. It involves the use of a dual-walled drill pipe through which compressed air drives a tungsten-tipped bit into the rock. The air forces rock chips (cuttings) up the inner tube and into a cyclone for collection and analysis.
RC drilling provides relatively accurate geological and geochemical data and is ideal for delineating mineralised zones, guiding step-out drilling, and supporting resource estimation at shallower depths—typically up to 300–400 metres. However, as it produces chips rather than solid core, it offers limited structural or textural geological information, which can be critical in complex or layered systems.
